The punk movement is the counterculture surrounding the punk music and her fans. Outsiders usually linked to popular culture, punks countercultural practices include a series of codes of behavior, speech, dress and themes that have become recurrent and that distinguish them. His main means of expression are the dates of the genre ("scene") and amateur publications ("fanzine").This was the view of NO FUTURE already by the mid-70's had many young people they saw as society
was facing a deep crisis. They seemed to have been called by the men of the Frankfurt School (Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, etc ...) to keep a personal way of Critical Theory. Cultural music industry had generated a wealth of great scenes, where mega pop star full of lights, costumes, and million dollar contracts with major labels, symbolizing the reality of a lifestyle that did not identify young people who are felt every day; increasingly marginalized by the system. London was the epicenter, the oil crisis combined with other factors had resulted in significant unemployment, growth of slums, lack of response and the prospect of a black horizon to the dreams of accomplishment that had been the goal of generations above.
The distance between cultural production and the reality faced by many young generation of that time was becoming so obvious that the crack began to cause a pop. Some spent the money given to them in the long lines of unemployment, an electric guitar. In the garage began to hear noises, children had neither time nor money to learn what society said was known to wield a tool. The guitars are turned into guns, had much to say and it was not necessary to have a beautiful voice but on the contrary, a voice shouted realities.
The underground was taken, no longer inhabited by projects of stars but for the most significant example of cultural response to the dominant culture, many young people were showing that his world had nothing to do with previous generations dreamed of. All symbols, the aesthetic and all that society was represented on the other side of the fence than reality imposed on them.
The question was distinguished from that system that was completely marginalized. Peaks that towered over the slicked back hair and neat Lords. Boots and clothing
military fatigues, which besides being the only accessible remittances come from the military stores, denoting a position away from the utopian dream of peace and love hippie generation and an attitude of struggle against social parameters.
As a whole alternative culture created its own circuit, stores like Malcolm McLaren where clothing was recycled option where groups gathered to a precarious stage and small labels as Chiswick that gather the punk music scene.
The punk grows and society can no longer ignore that something is happening. In 1976 Sex Pistols signed with EMI. A paradox, a major label worthy example of the establishment, do business with the then most virulent group of the punk scene. The company said: "Sex Pistols is a pop group of the musical form known as punk rock. He was hired by EMI recording purposes only in October 1976. In the opinion of our officers, was a promising unknown group. Like many other groups of different trends we have hired, initially controversial, but were eventually accepted and contributed greatly to the development of modern music. " No doubt the text of EMI was anticipated in some respects the future of no future. Punk signed his death certificate almost instantly recognizing the birth. But John Lydon, then Johnny Rotten, the voice of the Pistols and a man of rare intelligence, his role was well known. Anarchy comes to the position 12 in its week of release and EMI trying to avoid the disk out of circulation. The Sex Pistols action illegal qualify and take advantage of the press conference to brand Mick Jagger and Rod Stewart sacred excrement. Divorce EMI costing 25,000 pounds and the result is read clear establishment punk 1 0.
Sex Pistols are prohibited in most parts of the tour had been arranged by the country of 23 places only able to perform their concert at three. Punk music continues to grow avoiding all kinds of control. Cross to New York and thence to the rest of North America, with examples like the Ramones, The Stooges, MC-5, etc ... To all this the Pistols signed to major label A & M a multimillion dollar contract, but with God Save The Queen album ready for distribution, the company decided without them. The explanation was that the group had destroyed the baths of the company, had attempted to rape a couple of secretaries and attacked a disc jockey. The truth was that other artists on the label of classic rock exponents like Rick Wakeman of Yes, Peter Frampton, and others, made a threatening managers to request, "or us or them." The Pistols are banned from radio and television, his performances are informed only by word of mouth and play in places like the cinema in London or at the club under the pseudonym Lafayette SPOTS (Sex Pistols on Tour secretely). Ironically it up to play on a barge called Queen Elizabeth, during a big party at Buckingham Palace. T.V. cameras show the carriage of Queen Elizabeth II, followed by his court. On the Thames, alongside the parade, browse the group is prohibited from playing on land, singing "God Save the Queen / she is not a human being ...». Half a dozen police boats and force them to tie them sorted silence. Do not listen, touch No Fun, I cut the power supply, complete prisoners after a battle of blows and kicks. The single God Save the Queen is the most sold during the royal celebrations, now distributed by Virgin, the system tries to control the energies of young people and capitalizes on its products generating paradoxes damn amazing. Lydon is beaten every now and wander the streets challenging it becomes dangerous to himself, but rejected the proposal to put bodyguards because that would place him in the same position as the pop star.
The Clash can not play on English soil, the other half of the lawless creature brighter than the punk has engendered is blindingly coherent lyrics and lifestyle. In Paris for a program recorded t.v. and at the repeated requests from technicians to decide to turn down the toilet for a while then return to set with the clothes painted with inscriptions that read onscreen easily: Vous êtes tous des putains. In Belgium played on a Jazz festival where beer cans were raining. Mick Jones stopped the band and says, "if they want to continue, withdraw to the security people." No one dares, "cast him," only then the Belgians get the message that bleeding rates, in some cases, on stage, do notarles that their aggression was misplaced. The Clash says "well, let ', but instead of taking their instruments off the floor, take the cans and start throwing them over the audience. The Clash is what the Pistols were the Stones to the Beatles, a step further. Attract fewer kids in search of pogo and spitting and more intellectual. Propose more, talk politics, future solutions, revolution and especially action. They are the guerrillas wielding guitars and guns. The world political, economic and social development are expressed by them in a dual task: words and deeds. Nihilism channeled into radical politics contesting the Clash were far from elpunk another way of living, as epitomized by Lydon was no doubt: "I've never had political views, nor will have. I always worried about myself and continue to do so. "
In the U.S., differences were evident. Dee Dee Ramone, say for example: "The British are bitter punk. They sing songs about the problem of not having a job and that can not be very happy, we too were unemployed when they started and that did not stop us doing funny songs. They have a very negative mindset. And they hate America. How dare they? ". The truth was that punk grew and each took what he convinced making the range of attitudes and proposals to open an unbounded way. The drive that had generated the punk began to get distorted, corrupted, new meaning and differ in many respects. The establishment, as always with the emergent, found the old recipe, finding a place in the punk and showing their great ability to adapt everything that can be marketed. So the windows of the major networks showed in some of its windows and Punk T-shirts with inscriptions or drawings Rules chains, safety pins and other typical symbols of the movement. United States handled the issue differently, much more American. While Britain sees punk as a threat, Americans waste no time, the successful groups moving from underground to the system quickly, canceling out a certain sense, with that liberal attitude, the essence of the movement. After the social revolutions proposed by beatniks, hippies, etc ... United States simply could not resist. The punk like a business rather than a threat. There also flourished in the overnight countless underground groups in places like the legendary CBGB fans gathered to new things. So the explosion created a new stage in the artistic sphere. All in the same bag, who was again in the late 70's was synonymous with punk, was Talking Heads, Devo, or other artists that although they were far from radical proposal should share the circuit punk alternative had emerged from the gap between need exchange and the proposal so far provided the entertainment.
El punk apareció en los Estados Unidos, principalmente Nueva York (Estados Unidos), como movimiento musical a mediados de la década de los 1970, tomando como base agrupaciones de rock duras y violentas como The Stooges de donde saldría Iggy Pop y MC5 de la ciudad de Detroit
El origen del punk se sitúa en una sociedad anglosajona entonces saturada de clichés y convenciones estereotipadas. Jóvenes de los dos países, inspirados por las actitudes transgresoras del rock -y en especial por el sonido del garage rock-, comenzaron a mostrar sus propias formas de rebeldía contra los roles socioculturales, que consideraban hipócritas y tensos, expresándolo a través de transgresiones y provocaciones estéticas, musicales y culturales. El punk fue primeramente un fenómeno estético-musical, que generó una moda generacional en los 1970, que más tarde fue tomando la forma de un movimiento estético-filosófico que se convertiría en una cultura.
La forma originaria del punk era un tipo de rock sencillo y ruidoso para expresarse con sus propios medios y conceptos. Entre los primeros grupos musicales representantes del punk están los Ramones, The New York Dolls, The Velvet Underground, la banda de Lou Reed, Blondie, Black Flag y la cantante Patti Smith, también oriunda de Detroit.Pero,antes de llegar a estados unidos ya existían grupos en el Reino Unido donde proliferarían agrupaciones como Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, Siouxsie & The Banshees, The Pretenders, The Jam, The Cars, The Stranglers y Adam & The Ants, además de David Bowie y Marc Bolan de T. Rex, quienes también lo exploraron. Los Ramones se presentaban a sí mismos como banda de rock, sin pretensiones declaradas de mensaje directamente innovador o rompedor salvo en lo musical.
Por otro lado había una forma de transgresión, buscando liberarse de los estigmas sociales. Esta rama no daba explicaciones y buscaba incomodar a lo establecido chocando, ofendiendo y molestando al buen gusto, la moral y la tradición. Se buscaba básicamente la provocación a través de demostraciones de transgresión estética o giros de lenguaje contradictorios, absurdos o insolentes. Es el estilo que popularizaron los Sex Pistols, relacionado ligeramente al nihilismo y otras formas de escepticismo.
Más adelante, especialmente con la aparición del hardcore punk y marcado por la herencia de la actitud del colectivo Crass, se hizo presente todo un abanico de enfoques de crítica social, posicionamientos políticos, y afinidad a campañas de protesta. El ejemplo musical más clásico son Crass y The Clash.
La filosofía punk puede resumirse en:
- "Hazlo tú mismo" o "hazlo a tu manera".
- Rechaza los dogmas y cuestiona lo establecido.
- Desprecia las modas y la sociedad de masas (aunque su estética también puede considerarse una moda preestablecida por el punk).
En sus canciones, estas bandas expresan un serio descontento con los sistemas e instituciones que organizan y controlan el mundo. En ocasiones también la música sirve de plataforma para propuestas filosóficas e ideológicas. Durante la década de los 80, el punk en Estados Unidos estuvo permeado de contenidos políticos, principalmente progresistas, en oposición al gobierno conservador de la época. Ejemplos de esta época son las bandas Dead Kennedys y Bad Religion. En Europa, el punk es una música especialmente utilizada como medio de difusión por gente afín a movimientos políticos y sociales "outsiders", mayoritariamente de izquierda, aunque existe una corriente de derecha que lo utiliza.
Hip hop is an art movement that emerged in the United States in the late 1960's in Latin American and African American communities of New York neighborhoods like the Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn, where from the beginning stood out the typical characteristics of the origins of hip hop, For example, the music (funk, rap, blues, DJing), dance (hustle, uprocking, lindy hop, popping, locking) and paint (aerosol, bombing, murals, Political graffiti).
